Matlab zero - 2 5 s - 0.

 
I&39;ve tried this, this, this, and this. . Matlab zero

You can use cell to preallocate a cell array to which you assign data later. coeff pca(X) returns the principal component coefficients, also known as loadings, for the n-by-p data matrix X. Find the zero of f (x) near 2. cell also converts certain types of Java &174;,. if sdata member including number between 0 and 1 then output min sdata except zero. But I want to know how to use matlab to find zeros of a function y f (x) when x is a matrix defined by the user like the above case. 6219 0. out,csi lteEqualizeZF (rxgrid,channelest) returns equalized data in multidimensional array, out , by applying MIMO zero-forcing equalization to the received data resource grid in matrix rxgrid, using the channel information in the channelest input matrix. cell also converts certain types of Java &174;,. Matlab doesn&39;t change those small numbers to 0. lowpass uses a minimum-order filter with a stopband attenuation of 60 dB and compensates for the delay introduced by the filter. Suppose you want to find the values of the elements that are not missing. p n x p n 1. Z is the same size as X. Since cat1 does not have a dimension of length zero, it is not empty. 8003 0. Mostly this zero padding concept is used to maintain the length of the signal in Fourier transform. Histogram properties control the appearance and behavior of the histogram. While the roots function works only with polynomials, the fzero function is more broadly applicable to different types of equations. This MATLAB function returns the zeros, poles, and gain corresponding to the digital filter, d, in vectors z and p, and scalar k, respectively. The dsp. Null Space of Matrix. To create pole-zero maps with default options or to extract pole-zero data, use pzmap. 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 So it is L-1 zeros in array where L is the number of all values inside array before zero stuffing. In Matlab, storage allocation for matrices happens automatically. Description example k find (X) returns a vector containing the linear indices of each nonzero element in array X. It seems like you are essentially looking into computing the z-score or standard score of your data, which is calculated through the formula z (x-mean (x))std (x) Original data (Normal with. clear all; mimicking someone handing you the structure for the first time. I besseli (nu,Z) computes the modified Bessel function of the first kind I(z) for each element in array Z. Uses Specify superclasses. i have to add a row of zeros in the top,bottom, left and right side of the matrix. For a semilogy() plot, the effect in the end is the same as one can&39;t take the log() of zero so semilogy ignores those points as well. 2 5 s - 0. Design a 5th-order Butterworth lowpass filter using the function butter with output expressed in zero-pole-gain form. Description The period character separates the integral and fractional parts of a number, such as 3. 25rand (size (t));. The polynomial coefficients in p can be calculated for different purposes by functions like. 05 T s 0. Nevertheless, for large matrices, MATLAB programs may execute faster if the zeros function is used to set aside storage for a matrix whose elements are to be generated one at a time, or a row or column at a time. This solution is where fun (x) changes signfzero cannot find a root of a function such as x2. x and o indicates poles and zeros respectively. Output Output Screenshot. 9058 0. Description Specify one or more superclasses in a class definition. 0 4. M (idx) 0. This example uses the filter function to compute averages along a vector of data. szN sz1,. The following block diagram illustrates the zero-order-hold. if expression, statements, end evaluates an expression , and executes a group of statements when the expression is true. Because two NaN s are not equal to each other, logical operations involving NaN always return false, except for a test for inequality, (NaN NaN) NaN > NaN ans 0 NaN NaN ans 1. a zeros (1,100); x complex (a,0); To verify that the above command actually creates a 100-by-1. Another type of interest rate curve, the forward curve, is. v 7&215;1 0. The following block diagram illustrates the zero-order-hold. I'm using the MATLAB function find for searching for the indexes of numbers which are >0, and then depending on difference between two indexes (from the find function) and depending on the first right and left non-zero number (from the original matrix), I calculate numbers between these two non-zero numbers and replace zeroes with these. resample) and sometimes additional products (like Control System Toolbox or Simulink). Output Arguments. I am using the code shown below to plot the FFT of some data. Follow edited Sep 28,. A 1 3 0; 2 4 9; 2 0 7 the answer should be (1,3) and (3,2). The zero locations are expressed in second - 1, because the time unit of the transfer. K besselk (nu,Z) computes the modified Bessel function of the second kind K(z) for each element in array Z. 0000i k 2 residue returns the complex roots and poles, and a constant term in k , representing the partial fraction expansion. For efficient generated code, MATLAB rules for divide by zero are supported only for the 'round' option. The result indicates that only about 2 of the. Clone Size from Existing Array. You can use cell to preallocate a cell array to which you assign data later. A 1 4; 2 5; 3 6; sz size (A); X zeros (sz) X 32 0 0 0 0 0 0. For example, eye (2,3) returns a 2-by-3 array with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. fzero (&39;fun&39;,x) where x is a vector of length 2, assumes x is an interval where the sign of f (x (1)) differs from the sign of f (x. This MATLAB function divides each element of A by the corresponding element of B. 0 -1. fzero tries to find a point where a function is zero, such as x2 or cosine. Suppose you want to find the values of the elements that are not missing. Size arguments must have a fixed size. Check whether the first invariant zero is a transmission zero of H. F (x) 0. Since cat1 does not have a dimension of length zero, it is not empty. F (x) 0. Consequently, excellent MATLAB programming skills are a crucial factor in your career. syms x eqn sin (x) 0; solx,parameters,conditions solve (eqn,x, &39;ReturnConditions&39; ,true) solx k. It is a common pattern to combine the previous two lines of code into a single line X zeros (size (A));. Learn more about zero padding. If A is a square n -by- n matrix and B is a matrix with n rows, then x A&92;B is a solution to the. x fzero (inline (&39;sin (xx)&39;),x0); Other arguments are described in the syntax descriptions above. It is a common pattern to combine the previous two lines of code into a single line X zeros (size (A));. 8003 0. also returns the zero-pole-gain of. example X zeros (n,&x27;like&x27;,p) returns an n -by- n array of zeros like p. plot the root-locus of the following SISO dynamic system s y s (s) 2 s 2 5 s 1 s 2 2 s 3. coeff pca(X) returns the principal component coefficients, also known as loadings, for the n-by-p data matrix X. The output is expressed as the reciprocal of the time units specified in sys. A 1i 3 2 4i; B 1 3i 2 4i; A B. The function heaviside(x) returns 0 for x < 0. Mar 5, 2016 7 Answers. 0 4. z complex (a,b) creates a complex output, z, from two real inputs, such that z a bi. The result is a subset of the elements in A. For example, X zeros(3,datatype,'gpuArray') creates a 3. Zero Sum Game Solver. If you just wish to remove the zeros, leaving the non-zeros behind in a, then the very best solution is. You can create a state-space model object by either. Dynamic systems that you can use include continuous-time or discrete-time numeric LTI models such as tf, zpk, or ss models. p 31 complex 0. B zeros(n) B zeros(m,n) B zeros(m n) B zeros(d1,d2,d3. 2390 0. To test if an existing array is an empty array, use isempty. say the first one, then I want to add the last value in that column to the zero ones. The output contains logical 1 (true) values where A is zero and logical 0 (false) values where A is nonzero. example X zeros (sz1,. The complex function provides a useful substitute for expressions, such as a 1ib or a 1jb, when. In Matlab, storage allocation for matrices happens automatically. C2 zeros (24,3); for I 13 C2 (,I) smooth (count (,I)); end. collapse all. U,S,V svd (A) performs a singular value decomposition of matrix A, such that A USV&39;. &39; ; expression &39;&92;wcase&39; ; matchStr regexp (str,expression, &39;match&39;) The regular expression specifies that the character vector Begins with any number of alphanumeric or underscore characters, &92;w. Then fzero iteratively shrinks the interval where fun changes sign to reach a solution. I tried the method 'find' but the result was nothing(it said that forceZ1 never get the value zero) whereas when I plot the forceZ1 on its 1234th column I see that in two point it is zero. 7 radsample and normalized passband frequencies of 0. This MATLAB function returns an array Y the same size as x, where each element of Y is 1 if the corresponding element of x is greater than 0. Check whether the first invariant zero is a transmission zero of H. The groups correspond to the columns of the. Compute function value at x. This MATLAB function returns the zeros of the single-input, single-output (SISO) dynamic system model, sys. fun f; function x0 2; initial point z fzero (fun,x0) z 2. See syntax, examples, and input arguments for. 05 T s 0. b contains the coefficients in descending powers of z. MATLAB if elseif elseif else end Statements - An if statement can be followed by one (or more) optional elseif. symexpr sym (M) converts a symbolic matrix variable M of type symmatrix to an array of symbolic scalar variables symexpr of type sym. X zeros 0 X zeros (n) n n X zeros (sz1,. Hello everyone, Below is the interpolation code with zero padding. followed by an infinite number of 9s, is equal to 1). 7922 0. But, before anyone can really answer this, you need. Must be manual codes. fzero tries to find a point where a function is zero, such as x2 or cosine. X zeros 0 X zeros (n) n n X zeros (sz1,. Create a Symmetric Matrix from a vector in MATLAB. Null Space of Matrix. find () . 2649 -0. Essentially I have binary, 3D image masks with the "1"'s in them in groups of various shapes and sizes spread throughout the mask. D diag (v,k) places the elements of vector v on the k th diagonal. Confirm that the invariant zeros coincide with the transmission zeros. If X is a vector, then Z is a vector of z -scores. This MATLAB function returns an array Y the same size as x, where each element of Y is 1 if the corresponding element of x is greater than 0. In Matlab, storage allocation for matrices happens automatically. The null space of a matrix contains vectors x that satisfy Ax 0. 1 Solving Nonlinear Equations with fzero(). Zero Forcing Equalizer is a type of linear equalizers used to combat ISI(inter symbol interference). 8003 0. Clone Size from Existing Array. (2) You will have access to all the codes, Simulink models and. If A is a nonempty matrix, then all (A) treats the columns of A as vectors and returns a row vector of logical 1 s and 0 s. Create an array of zeros that is the same size as an existing array. 1 Solving Nonlinear Equations with fzero(). The name of Matrix is 'forceZ1'. An additionnal very interesting point Try hard mentionned in its first sentence, and that I did not realised in the first place, is the fact, that zero padding is just the. 0001; The matrix A has very small entries along the main diagonal. Equality of Two Vectors. bode automatically determines frequencies to plot based on system dynamics. For example, false (2 3) returns a 2-by-3 array of logical zeros. fun f; function x0 2; initial point z fzero (fun,x0) z 2. The variable k does not exist in the MATLAB workspace and must be accessed using parameters. The space of functions bandlimited in the frequency range (, is spanned. For example, permute (A, 2 1) switches the row and column dimensions of a matrix A. can also be an inline object. If v is a vector, then each element specifies the fill value in the corresponding column of A. This MATLAB function returns the scalar 0. Output Arguments. Plot the poles and zeros of the continuous-time system represented by the following transfer function H (s) 2 s 2 5 s 1 s 2 3 s 5. Highpass Filter in Zero-Pole-Gain Form. Because two NaN s are not equal to each other, logical operations involving NaN always return false, except for a test for inequality, (NaN NaN) NaN > NaN ans 0 NaN NaN ans 1. Add a comment. Extended Capabilities. The reason why I am using three dimensions is because I am going to eventually introduce an object, which is at a different electric potential relative to the plane, that is above the. Here, we can only define a filter using normalized frequencies. If no figure exists, then the number of rows is equal to the default length of 256. For a semilogy() plot, the effect in the end is the same as one can&39;t take the log() of zero so semilogy ignores those points as well. If A is a multidimensional array, then max (A) operates along the first dimension of A whose size is greater than 1, treating the elements as vectors. For example, eye (5,&39;int8&39;) returns a 5-by-5 identity matrix consisting of 8-bit integers. Is there any way to generate an entity that. ,szN zeros (2,3) 23 X zeros (sz) sz size (X) zeros (2 3) 23 X zeros (,typename) typename zeros (&x27;int8&x27;) 8 0 . If X is a multidimensional array, then. A 1 0; -1 0; B A; B (1) 200; < &. The size vector, sz, defines size (I). The Matlab programming language does. noise wgn (m,n,power,imp,randobject) specifies a random number stream object to use when generating the matrix of white. fun f; function x0 2; initial point z fzero (fun,x0) z 2. The test compares only the real part of numeric arrays. If v is a vector or matrix, then one of the inputs i or j must also be a vector or matrix with the same number of elements. Solve Differential Equation with Condition. Array Comparison with Relational Operators. I need to replace all the zeros by NaN, noted that zeros are also randomly distributed in matrix A. C2 zeros (24,3); for I 13 C2 (,I) smooth (count (,I)); end. 9157 0. How can I generate this matrix (containing only 0s and &177;1s) 0. If n is negative, it also returns an empty matrix. To create a GPU array with underlying type datatype, specify the underlying type as an additional argument before typename. MATLAB 0 typename &39;gpuArray&39; typename &39;gpuArray&39; double. To create a GPU array with underlying type datatype, specify the underlying type as an additional argument before typename. Toggle Main Navigation. M (idx) 0. false is shorthand for the logical value 0. Create an array of zeros that is the same size as an existing array. If X is a multidimensional array, then. Because sym2poly returns numeric double-precision results, it approximates exact rational coefficients with double-precision numbers. Therefore we have assigned one variable, N, which represents the length of the signal. MATLAB displays a warning message if A is badly scaled or nearly singular, but performs the calculation regardless. Every variable in MATLAB&174; is an array that can hold many numbers. k 0 is the main diagonal, k > 0 is above the main diagonal, and k < 0 is below the main diagonal. >> A (lZeros) Finally, reshape the array to your desired size using the built in reshape command. Quickly create a vector of ones and zeros. For more theoretical description of Zero Forcing Equalization in 2x2 MIMO channel,. An example. I would like to add a specific number of rows to my data (quite a large table). Specify normalized stopband frequencies of 0. Create a spline with many local extrema. One way to do this is by using a sparse matrix. A returns a logical array or a table of logical values of the same size as A. Minu on 30 May 2013. In this figure, the zero following the sign in the formatting operator means to add leading zeroes to the output text rather than space characters. Very easy to use mapout changem (Z,newcode,oldcode) In your case newA changem (a, 5, -2). The following example creates a 10x10 zero-matrix with ones at 5,2 (row 5, col 2) and 7 5 full (sparse (5 7, 2 5,1,10,10)) Use full to convert it from a sparse matrix to a "full" one. example X zeros (sz1,. Designing the filter. For example Generate a random number a randi (100, 1); If it is even, divide by 2 if rem (a, 2) 0 disp ('a is even') b a2; end. AND permits specified decimal precision. cos (x). 05 T s 0. Between R2021b and R2023b, MATLAB &174; displayed the entire contents of an array in a structure field if the contents fit in the display. Show -2 older comments Hide -2 older comments. The eq function tests both real and imaginary parts for equality, and returns logical 1 (true) only where both parts are equal. clear all; mimicking someone handing you the structure for the first time. Use the Parks-McClellan algorithm to design an FIR bandpass filter of order 17. If you just wish to remove the zeros, leaving the non-zeros behind in a, then the very best solution is. Equality of Two Vectors. Matlab and Octave Programming for STEM Applications (Smith) 10 Zero Finding and Fourier Transforms. Clone Size from Existing Array. 0000 1. load randomMatrix. For example, X zeros(3,datatype,'gpuArray') creates a 3. Scalar fzero begins at x0 and tries to locate a point x1 where fun(x1) has the opposite sign of fun(x0). 2649 -0. 0 . rlocus adaptively selects a set of positive gains k to produce a smooth plot. Since cat1 does not have a dimension of length zero, it is not empty. Specify normalized stopband frequencies of 0. The function is non-negative for all real. resample) and sometimes additional products (like Control System Toolbox or Simulink). Learn more about nan problem Learn more about nan problem Hi guys; Please I need urgent help I have matrix of experiment data in excel file, this excel matrix has some blank cells The problem is that the blank element shows as NaN when import the matri. Matlab doesn't change those small numbers to 0. 1 Solving Nonlinear Equations with fzero() Expandcollapse global location 10. In order to use it,. For negative numbers, the behavior of fix is the same as ceil. Sorted by 85. S sparse (i,j,v) generates a sparse matrix S from the triplets i , j, and v such that S (i (k),j (k)) v (k). Something like this Theme. Learn more about nan, zeros, replace, matrix, cell, basic, beginner, replacement, remove, tables, format Hello, I have a 1501x7 table called 'x' and there appears to be NaN's in the. Y round (X,N) rounds to N digits. The value returned is near a point where fun changes sign, or NaN if the search fails. can anyone help me to make zero padding for a 4x3 matrix. Sign in to answer this question. If X is a vector, then find returns a vector with the same. Here, z and p are the vectors of real-valued or complex-valued zeros and poles, and k is the real-valued or complex-valued scalar gain. The function is non-negative for all real. C2 zeros (24,3); for I 13 C2 (,I) smooth (count (,I)); end. See syntax, examples, input arguments and output structure. Learn more about nan problem Learn more about nan problem Hi guys; Please I need urgent help I have matrix of experiment data. horizon nj health providers, mahle 193 error

In this example, you can use the find function to locate all of the elements in A less than 9. . Matlab zero

A < B returns a logical array or a table of logical values with elements set to logical 1 (true) where A is less than or equal to B; otherwise, the element is logical 0 (false). . Matlab zero gay massage orange county

a zeros (1,100); x complex (a,0); To verify that the above command actually creates a 100-by-1. The max (i) -by- max (j) output matrix has space allotted for length (v) nonzero elements. i have to add a row of zeros in the top,bottom, left and right side of the matrix. Select Use local settings from the Zero-crossing control pull down on the Solver pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box. If you specify typename as 'gpuArray', the default underlying type of the array is double. 2 5 s - 0. 0 0 4 s 2 9. A 60 59 49 49 58 100 61 57 48 58; Detect outliers with the default method "median", and replace the outlier with the upper threshold value by. Skip to content. The primary advantage of IIR filters over FIR filters is that they typically meet a given set of specifications with a much lower filter order than a corresponding FIR filter. Name Left angle bracket and ampersand. The function evaluates the zero-phase response at 512 equally spaced points on the upper half of the unit circle. Therefore we need to know the sampling frequency fs to determine the normalized frequency fn like this fn ffs. 0001; The matrix A has very small entries along the main diagonal. As expected, the simulated results with a 2&215;2 MIMO system using BPSK modulation in Rayleigh channel is showing matching results as obtained in for a 1&215;1 system for BPSK modulation in Rayleigh channel. pzplot plots pole and zero locations on the complex plane as x and o marks, respectively. Solving Large-Scale Linear Programs by Interior-Point Methods Under the MATLAB Environment. In Matlab, storage allocation for matrices happens automatically. Design a 5th-order Butterworth lowpass filter using the function butter with output expressed in zero-pole-gain form. Nov 25, 2021 MATLAB zeros() . Create an array of all zeros. This code snippet initializes a 4x4 square matrix filled with zeros and stores it in the variable Z. B any (A) tests along the first array dimension of A whose size does not equal 1, and determines if any element is a nonzero number or logical 1 (true). also returns the zero-pole-gain of. After filtering the data in the forward direction, the function matches initial conditions to minimize startup and ending transients, reverses the filtered sequence, and runs the reversed sequence back through the filter. Assign the values in A to a new variable, B. 0 -1. 4 Answers. In the previous solution, the constant C1 appears because no condition was specified. Return value zeros (n) function returns a (n x n) matrix of zeros Size of square matrix, specified as an integer value. fun f; function x0 2; initial point z fzero (fun,x0) z 2. 004, 1,9. Create a 3-by-3 matrix of ones. noise wgn (m,n,power) generates an m -by- n matrix of white Gaussian noise samples in volts. Use the complex function to create a scalar, A, with zero-valued imaginary part. Jun 26, 2012 Accepted Answer. Learn more about zero padding, tables, variables. 0726 0. newM S. Nonlinear system solver. Specify a sample rate of 200 kHz. , good. Create a 3-by-3 matrix of ones. Y circshift (A,K) circularly shifts the elements in array A by K positions. cursor will change into a plus sign. x axis will go through the Y0 point of both the left and right axis. X zeros 0 X zeros (n) n n X zeros (sz1,. This function "remembers" the last value of x each time you call it. z complex (x) returns the complex equivalent of x, such that isreal (z) returns logical 0 (false). Matlab allocating Azeros(N) vs. p 31 complex 0. Description. 7 Answers. A < B returns a logical array or a table of logical values with elements set to logical 1 (true) where A is less than or equal to B; otherwise, the element is logical 0 (false). In order to use it,. x diag (A) returns a column vector of the main diagonal. The output is a column vector listing the locations of the invariant zeros of H. initValstependVal Increment. In practice, any is a natural extension of the logical OR operator. For negative numbers, the behavior of fix is the same as ceil. 314); output filtfilt (B,A,input); end. cell also converts certain types of Java &174;,. for indexA 0 10. To calculate the transmission zeros of a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) system, use (Control System Toolbox) Introduced in R2012a. When the index to a vector is a boolean vector of the same length as the vector, then MATLAB can use that boolean result to. le returns logical 0 (false) where A or B have NaN or undefined categorical elements. Options include the FFT window and length. Therefore we have assigned one variable, &x27;N&x27;, which represents the length of the signal. You can define these parameters using the. false is shorthand for the logical value 0. To create a cell array with a specified size, use the cell function, described below. 0000 1. 3-2x-5; To find the zero near 2 z fzero ('f', 2) z 2. An array containing missing values, such as NaN or <undefined>, is not necessarily empty. But I have not managed to coax reshape into producing a 0-by-0 anything (matrix or array, that is). le returns logical 0 (false) where A or B have NaN or undefined categorical elements. An additionnal very interesting point Try hard mentionned in its first sentence, and that I did not realised in the first place, is the fact, that zero padding is just the. The result matches the original row vector x created with the original generator. Next, move the values of the input 256x256 matrix into the output matrix. A 1 0; -1 0; B A; B (1) 200; < &. Since cat1 does not have a dimension of length zero, it is not empty. Pole-Zero Plot of Dynamic System. Eout (, (1shiftx)) 0;. In order to use it,. If v is a vector or matrix, then one of the inputs i or j must also be a vector or matrix with the same number of elements. z complex (x) returns the complex equivalent of x, such that isreal (z) returns logical 0 (false). To calculate the transmission zeros of a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) system, use (Control System Toolbox) Introduced in R2012a. A figure window will open. The complex function provides a useful substitute for expressions, such as a 1ib or a 1jb, when. This MATLAB function returns the zeros, poles, and gain corresponding to the digital filter, d, in vectors z and p, and scalar k, respectively. cell also converts certain types of Java ,. fzero tries to find a point where a function is zero, such as x2 or cosine. Clone Size from Existing Array. fun is a string containing the name of a real-valued function of a single real variable. Must be manual codes on script. v 15; N normalize (v) N 1&215;5 -1. 6704i Since the eigenvalues in e are the roots of the characteristic polynomial of A , use poly to determine the characteristic polynomial from the values in e. The test compares only the real part of numeric arrays. Turning on the grid displays lines of constant damping ratio (zeta) and lines of constant natural frequency (wn). 0 X . For example, consider the following Theme. &39;&39; is used instead as a logical NOT operator. This code snippet initializes a 4x4 square matrix filled with zeros and stores it in the variable Z. Jun 26, 2012 Accepted Answer. I use Matlab for mathematics and we use "start at time 0" a lot. Find the zero of f (x) near 2. Create a matrix A. x is a vector or a matrix; see Matrix Arguments. The maximum likelihood estimators of and 2 for the normal distribution, respectively, are. ,szN,&x27;like&x27;,p) returns an sz1 -by-. hZOH(t,Ts) 1 Tsrect(t Ts . See the syntax, description, remarks and examples of the zeros function in MATLAB. The zero locations are expressed in second - 1, because the time unit of the transfer. For example Generate a random number a randi (100, 1); If it is even, divide by 2 if rem (a, 2) 0 disp ('a is even') b a2; end. output 0. Mar 6, 2023 Mostly this zero padding concept is used to maintain the length of the signal in Fourier transform. 5 (within roundoff error) in decimal, the round function rounds away from zero to the nearest integer with larger magnitude. Try typing for example x 10-60 and check that x has the correct value. x8 linspace(-2, 2, 100); y8diff -(((x8. The number of columns of b must be equal to the length of a. Replace the outlier in a vector of data using the "clip" fill method. Description example k find (X) returns a vector containing the linear indices of each nonzero element in array X. resample) and sometimes additional products (like Control System Toolbox or Simulink). Description. ge returns logical 0 (false) where A or B have NaN or undefined categorical elements. Create the transfer function model using z in the rational expression. TF islocalmin (A,dim) specifies the dimension of A to operate along. 4 Answers. can also be an inline object. Create an array of zeros that is the same size as an existing array. Luis Mendo. . bondague